Memory structure & process

Memory structure & process

Memory is the process of maintaining information over time .

Formation of memories :

3 stages of memory :

Encoding : visual / audio / semantics ; Storage : short-term memory / long-term memory ; Retrieval : sequential (STM) / association (LM)

There are two temporary storage systems , the phonological loop and visuospatial sketch pad . these subsystem are used by a central executive that transforms information within each and integrates information in these stores with information in long-term memory .

The central executive is presumed to be involved in integrating information from these different stores ,and it is involved with selecting information ,suppressing irrelevant information , coordinating behavior ,and planning .

1. the capacity of either the visuospatial sketch pad or the phonological loop may easily be exceeded , resulting in a loss of information that maybe necessary to perform an ongoing task .
2. information from either store may be lost if there are delays longer than a few seconds between receiving the information and using it .
3. information may need to be transferred from one subsystem into the other before further transformations or integrations can be made , thus reducing the resources available for the primary processing goal .
4. if either working memory subsystem is updated too rapidly ,old information may interfere with the new .
5. any interference in working memory is most likely to occur to the extent that the material is similar in its meaning or sound , thereby creating confusions .

long term memory :

1. keep knowledge understanding of the world 
2. gain past experience through the interaction 
3. form internal representation of the world 
4. retrieval memory  repaid and sometimes effortless 

Activity : memory 

1. draw a map for the new comer 
2. both ends of the card with a different color
3. 9-7-07021972
4. using a variety of multimedia tools

Exercise -design guide line :

1. central executive 
2. assigns attention resources to others -- working memory 
3. visual spatial -- working memory 
4. controls activities with WM -- working memory 
5. coordinate multiple task -- working memory 
6. control conscious activities ( problem solving ) -- working memory 
7. control conscious activities ( reasoning ) -- working memory 
8. control conscious activities ( thinking ) -- working memory 
9. control conscious activities -- working memory 
10. holding information in LTM -- working memory 
11. episodic memory -- mental models
12. procedural memory -- mental models
13. semantic memory -- mental models
14. skilled memory -- mental models
15. skilled memory -- mental models
16. semantic memory -- mental models
17. procedural memory -- mental models

Match game :

In this game , first of all , I should use long-term memory , so I designed with letters according to the order , also with the color ,such as A-red , B-orange , C-yellow , D-green , E-cyan , F-blue , G-purple ...
secondly , there are 12 pairs of card , so I put them in two rows , in order to match convenient .
at last , I set up a row to arrangement by the order if I can`t match successful , this time I should use short-term memory according to the place / latter / color .