Situation Awareness

Situation Awareness 

330 Aviation Aircraft

        This week , a pilot come and introduce the knowledge about the flight , I think it`s a nice explanation for our question .

        Face so much meter and button , I think the flight is so difficult , so I go to read operation manual to supplement what I have learnt on class .

        On the panel , there are many functional areas , Primary flight display / Navigation display / Automatic flight / Engine indication and crew alerting system (EICAS) display / Electrical system / Hydraulics system

Engines / Fuel system / Pneumatics / Other MFD pages / Flight management computer / Ground proximity warning system ( GPWS ) / Radio panel / Autobrakes / Passenger signs / Clock and so on .

 I give 3 questions :
        In the winter , when I go abroad , just take off for a while , we meet the turbulent zone , in 20 minutes the flight rise to 9000 meters height , and with hovering flight , most of passengers don`t fell good , is there have any other good idea to choose , the pilot explained how to form the turbulent zone , and said this is the best choice .

         The second one is when we landing , from the window , I saw the black smoke outside , but everything is normal , the plane was not shake , the landing speed feels comfortable , at last ,we have a safety landing . the answer is some mechanical failure .

         The third question is which kind of flight you drive more comfortable , the pilot said Boeing , after the class , I searched on the internet , it said especially Boeing 777 is famous for the advanced technology and safety .

Then I will give a simple introduction how to flight ( come from operator handbook ) :

        The first step : (checking : flaps / automatic brakes / light) we should put the ILS frequency input to NAV1 , set up the automatic drive panel ( CRS / speed / course / height ), open FD , lighting course hold , lay down flaps to 5 degree , put the automatic brakes to RTO , then open different kind of light .

        The second step : push the throttle maximum , rolling off , when the speed up to 160 , push the head of plane to 5-8 degree , leave the land and have a stable rising rate , retract the landing gear and all of flaps . then lighting CMD and speed hold , open A/T .

        The last step : ( landing ) adjust speed , landing gear , make spoiler pre-bit and automatic brakes to 2 stalls , put down the flaps with the stare of guiding light , make the head of flight to level or slightly down 5 degree , then checking everything is ready , open landing light , disconnect CMD and accelerator , when up to the entrance of track , full resumption of oil , pull the trolley , make the head of flight up to 3 degree to connect the ground . 

        Everyone face the environment have his feeling  , and they have their way to response outside ( time / space )

        Here are 4 different awareness  : monitoring / cue detection / awareness of multiple / situational elements

        Before something happened , there are some related data and cues occur to relevant goals , what you decide will affect the states in the future .

        When you face the situation to do decision , you should awareness which part make you to do decision ( time pressure , anxiety , uncertainty , noise , physical fatigue , personal factors , alarms or alerts ) , so you should make a decision before the information gathering too much to put stress on working memory .

Situation awareness have four steps before the human error  :

1. Complexity creep  : the more features ,the less able a person is to comprehend and form an internal representation of how the system works to make predictions of its behavior
2. Out-of-loop syndrome : people become less involved and less alert but human are still decision maker and problem solver when things go wrong
3. Errant mental model  : use of incorrect or incomplete mental models making poor comprehension and projection
4. Misplaced salience  / Salience catch attention : Good - draw attention to critical information ; Bad -overuse or misuse , distractive 

        In all , I wish the operate is more automatic and more interactive , as flow :